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Emergency preparedness in Spain: official advice at a glance

Spain's official advice: a 72-hour kit, ES-Alert on every phone, free iodine near nuclear plants, and confinement at home instead of public shelters.

Updated 2026-10-20· 15 official sources· Leer en español

Spain at a glance

updated 2026-10-20
SuppliesThe national civil protection authority gives only a short list without quantities: its family emergency plan template names a 72-hour basic kit (portable charger, torch, radio, batteries, bottled water, non-perishable food, regular medication).sourcedPublic sheltersSpain has no public protective-shelter programme: Law 17/2015 uses 'refugio' only for emergency relief of affected people (Article 16), and the nuclear emergency plan provides 'albergue' (accommodation) for evacuees in reception municipalities, not protective shelters.not publishedAlertsES-Alert sends cell broadcast alerts to all phones in the affected area, without registration or an app; regional emergency centres and the national CENEM issue them.sourcedIodinePotassium iodide for the nuclear emergency plans is supplied by the Centro Militar de Farmacia de la Defensa.sourcedPrivate shelterSpain publishes no rule on private shelters: no permit, declaration or legal obligation for a household shelter was found in the civil protection law (Law 17/2015) or national civil protection guidance.not published
Shelter standardsNo Spanish technical standard or approval scheme for civilian shelters was found.not published
Emergency numbers112 is the single emergency number, run by each autonomous community.sourced
Crisis bookletThe national civil protection authority has no household preparedness booklet; it offers a one-page family emergency plan template (May 2025) with a short 72-hour kit list.sourced
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Short answer. Spanish civil protection is shared between the State, through the Interior Ministry's Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias, and the autonomous communities 12. The national family plan names a 72-hour basic kit 3. ES-Alert reaches every phone in an affected area 4. Potassium iodide is free at pharmacies within 10 km of a nuclear plant 5. There are no public protective shelters: the usual measure is confinement indoors 6.

Information verified on 20 October 2026.

Who is responsible for emergency preparedness in Spain?

Civil protection is shared between the State and the autonomous communities. Since April 2026 the State level is the Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministry of the Interior), which absorbed the functions of the former Dirección General de Protección Civil y Emergencias and oversees the national emergency coordination centre, CENEM 12. The single emergency number, 112, is run by each autonomous community 67. For nuclear emergencies, the Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN) advises the director of each provincial nuclear emergency plan and proposes protective measures 8.

The national authority has no household preparedness booklet. It publishes a one-page family emergency plan template (May 2025) with a short 72-hour kit list, and citizen guides on specific risks such as floods and industrial accidents 39. The most detailed household guidance comes from a region: Catalonia's guide "Prepara't per a les emergències" (December 2025) and its campaign "Prepara't. Protegeix-te. El teu equip sempre a punt!", both built on 72 hours of self-sufficiency 1011.

What does each Spanish page cover?

Topic What Spain says Page
Supplies National 7-item 72-hour list without quantities 3; Catalonia: water for at least 3 days, food for at least a week 10 Emergency supplies
Kit The official lists, item by item 31210 Kit checklist
Alerts ES-Alert cell broadcast, no registration or app; sirens near nuclear plants, chemical sites and dams 4131410 Emergency alerts
Iodine Free at pharmacies in zone I (0-10 km), no prescription; stocks for zone II (10-30 km) 5 Iodine tablets
Public shelters No protective-shelter programme; confinement at home or in the nearest building 156 Public shelters
Contacts 112, Catalonia's 012, national and regional civil protection, CSN 628 Emergency contacts

What should a household in Spain do first?

  1. Fill in the national family emergency plan template and gather its 72-hour basic kit: portable charger, torch, radio, batteries, bottled water, non-perishable food and regular medication 3.
  2. Use Catalonia's quantities as a benchmark if you want figures: at least 1.5 litres of drinking water per person per day, 3 litres recommended, for at least 3 days 10.
  3. Check that your phone can display ES-Alert: Android 11 or later, iOS 15.6 or later 4.
  4. If you live within 10 km of a nuclear plant, ask a pharmacy in your municipality for the free potassium iodide 5.
  5. Learn the usual protective measure: confinement, meaning going inside and staying in your home or the building you are in 6.

Our general guides go further: family emergency plan, 72-hour kit, water per person and shelter or evacuate.

Frequently asked questions

Which Spanish agency is in charge of emergency preparedness?

At State level, the Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias of the Ministry of the Interior, since April 2026 1. Each autonomous community runs its own civil protection service and its 112 centre 67.

Does Spain have public nuclear shelters?

No. Spain has no public protective-shelter programme; the nuclear emergency plan provides accommodation for evacuees, not shelters 158. Official guidance names confinement indoors as the usual measure 6.

How will I be warned in Spain?

By ES-Alert on your phone, without registration or an app, and by sirens or loudspeakers near nuclear plants, some chemical sites and dams 4131410.

Is there an official national preparedness guide?

Not a full booklet. The national authority offers a family emergency plan template with a 7-item kit; Catalonia publishes a full regional guide 310.

Sources

  1. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado — Real Decreto 328/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se modifican el Real Decreto 1009/2023 y el Real Decreto 207/2024 (estructura orgánica del Ministerio del Interior) — https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2026/04/22/328 (accessed 2026-10-20)
  2. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) — RAN (Red de Alerta Nacional) — https://www.proteccioncivil.es/coordinacion/redes/ran (accessed 2026-10-20)
  3. Dirección General de Protección Civil y Emergencias, Unidad de Psicología (Ministerio del Interior) — Plan Familiar de Emergencias (plantilla, con «Kit básico de emergencias (72 horas)») — https://ficheros.proteccioncivil.es/unidadesFormativas/Plan_Familiar_Emergencias_Creacion_propia_UnidadPsicologiaDGPCYE.pdf (accessed 2026-10-20)
  4. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) — Public Warning System — https://www.proteccioncivil.es/coordinacion/redes/ran/public-warning-system (accessed 2026-10-20)
  5. Dirección General de Protección Civil y Emergencias, Subdirección General de Planificación, Operaciones y Emergencias — Guía técnica sobre utilización de yoduro potásico en la profilaxis radiológica, en emergencias nucleares (Rev. 00, febrero 2012) — https://www.proteccioncivil.es/documents/20121/84954/Guia-Tecnica-sobre-utilizacion-yoduro-potasico.pdf/7f5f78dd-37fd-1fda-2de7-4d879f7ccb68?t=1611318799888 (accessed 2026-10-20)
  6. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública — Prepara't per a les emergències — https://interior.gencat.cat/ca/arees_dactuacio/proteccio_civil/consells_autoproteccio_emergencia/preparat_per_les_emergencies/ (accessed 2026-10-20)
  7. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) — Interior actualiza Alertcops para facilitar el acceso de personas con discapacidad auditiva a los servicios de emergencia — https://www.proteccioncivil.es/-/interior-actualiza-alertcops-para-facilitar-el-acceso-de-personas-con-discapacidad-auditiva-a-los-servicios-de-emergencia (accessed 2026-10-20)
  8. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado — Real Decreto 1546/2004, de 25 de junio, por el que se aprueba el Plan Básico de Emergencia Nuclear (texto consolidado) — https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2004/06/25/1546/con (accessed 2026-10-20)
  9. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) — Publicaciones — https://www.proteccioncivil.es/documentacion/publicaciones (accessed 2026-10-20)
  10. Generalitat de Catalunya, Protecció Civil (Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública) — Prepara't per a les emergències. Guia per a la preparació i la resposta davant de situacions d'emergència — https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/proteccio_civil/consells_autoproteccio_emergencies/1.preparat_emergencies/2.subcanal_equip_emergies/documents/Preparat-per-a-les-emergencies.pdf (accessed 2026-10-20)
  11. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública — Equip d'emergència (campanya «Prepara't. Protegeix-te. El teu equip sempre a punt!») — https://interior.gencat.cat/ca/actualitat/campanyes/equip-demergencia/ (accessed 2026-10-20)
  12. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública — Kit d'emergències — https://interior.gencat.cat/ca/arees_dactuacio/proteccio_civil/consells_autoproteccio_emergencia/preparat_per_les_emergencies/equip_emergencies/ (accessed 2026-10-20)
  13. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) — Riesgo nuclear — https://www.proteccioncivil.es/coordinacion/gestion-de-riesgos/tecnologicos/riesgo-nuclear (accessed 2026-10-20)
  14. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública — Proves de sirenes — https://interior.gencat.cat/ca/arees_dactuacio/proteccio_civil/consells_autoproteccio_emergencia/riscos_tecnologics/risc_quimic/sirenes-davis-per-risc-quimic/ (accessed 2026-10-20)
  15. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado — Ley 17/2015, de 9 de julio, del Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil (texto consolidado) — https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/2015/07/09/17/con (accessed 2026-10-20)

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Sources

  1. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado · Real Decreto 328/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se modifican el Real Decreto 1009/2023 y el Real Decreto 207/2024 (estructura orgánica del Ministerio del Interior) checked 2026-10-20
  2. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) · RAN (Red de Alerta Nacional) checked 2026-10-20
  3. Dirección General de Protección Civil y Emergencias, Unidad de Psicología (Ministerio del Interior) · Plan Familiar de Emergencias (plantilla, con «Kit básico de emergencias (72 horas)») checked 2026-10-20
  4. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) · Public Warning System checked 2026-10-20
  5. Dirección General de Protección Civil y Emergencias, Subdirección General de Planificación, Operaciones y Emergencias · Guía técnica sobre utilización de yoduro potásico en la profilaxis radiológica, en emergencias nucleares (Rev. 00, febrero 2012) checked 2026-10-20
  6. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública · Prepara't per a les emergències checked 2026-10-20
  7. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) · Interior actualiza Alertcops para facilitar el acceso de personas con discapacidad auditiva a los servicios de emergencia checked 2026-10-20
  8. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado · Real Decreto 1546/2004, de 25 de junio, por el que se aprueba el Plan Básico de Emergencia Nuclear (texto consolidado) checked 2026-10-20
  9. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) · Publicaciones checked 2026-10-20
  10. Generalitat de Catalunya, Protecció Civil (Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública) · Prepara't per a les emergències. Guia per a la preparació i la resposta davant de situacions d'emergència checked 2026-10-20
  11. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública · Equip d'emergència (campanya «Prepara't. Protegeix-te. El teu equip sempre a punt!») checked 2026-10-20
  12. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública · Kit d'emergències checked 2026-10-20
  13. Secretaría General de Protección Civil y Emergencias (Ministerio del Interior) · Riesgo nuclear checked 2026-10-20
  14. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Interior i Seguretat Pública · Proves de sirenes checked 2026-10-20
  15. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado · Ley 17/2015, de 9 de julio, del Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil (texto consolidado) checked 2026-10-20

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